The Effect of Combined Nanosilica and Lime on the Improvement of the Marl Soil Engineering Properties

Document Type : پژوهشی

Authors

• Mohammad Amiri
• adel Asakereh
• aminhosein farokhdel

University of Hormozgan

10.22067/civil.v32i1.73803

Abstract

Marls are problematic soils, which easily erode if they are exposed to water flow and problems in the stability of the bedding of construction projects can be occurred. One of the methods for soil chemical modification is the use of additives such as lime, cement and nanoparticles. The effect of adding nano-SiO2 on the lime performance on the enhancement of the improvement process of the marl soil engineering properties and the formation of new compounds due to the stabilization process has been investigated in the present study. In this regard, after determining the geotechnical properties of Marl soil, improvement of engineering properties of samples stabilized with various percentages of lime and nano-SiO2 after the end of the curing period was analyzed by performing large-scale experiments (Atterberg limits, aggregation, deposition and unconstrained compressive strength (UCS), and microstructure ((pH) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)). According to the results of this study, the presence of nano-SiO2 in the marl-lime soils system has led to increased pozzolanic activities and growth of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium aluminate hydrate (C-A-H) nanostructures and uniform distribution of these nanostructures. The compressive strength of the modified samples with the combination of nano-silica and lime proportional to the increased nano-silica additive has a quite ascending trend. Based on the results of the present study, the development rate of improvement of marl soil engineering properties in a modified specimen with 6% lime and 1% nano-SiO2 increased the compressive strength in the first 7 days by 18.45 kg/cm2 and the compressive strength increased by 18 times compared to the reference specimen.

Keywords

• Marl
• Lime
• Nano-SiO2
• UCS
• C-S-H
• XRD

---

References

1. Ouhadi, V. R., and Yong, R. N., "The Role of Clay Fractions of Marly Soils on their Post Stabilization Failure", J. Engineering Geology, Vol. 70, Pp. 365-375, (2003).

2. Oostwoud Wijdenes, D. J., Ergenzinger, P., "Erosion and Sediment Transport on Steep Marly Hillslopes", Draix, Haute-Provence, France: an experimental field study. J. Catena, Vol. 33, Pp. 179-200, (1998).

3. Ouhadi, V. R., Yong, R. N., "The Role of Clay Fractions of Marly Soils on their Post Stabilization Failure", Vol. 70, Pp. 365–375, (2003).

4. Rezaee, P., Zarezadeh. R., "Carbonate Marine Terraces of Qeshm Island, a Symbol of Sea Level Changes of the Persian Gulf in the Quaternary", Geosciences - Scientific Quarterly Journal, Vol. 23, Pp. 67-74, (2014).

5. KerstinElert, J., Miguel, A., Fernando, N., "Smectite Formation upon Lime Stabilization of Expansive Marls", Applied Clay Science, Pp. 29-36, (2018).

6. Majidi, A., Lashkaripour, G., Shoaei, Z., "Prediction of Swelling Potential of Marl Soils of Salt Lake Watershed Basin", Watershed Engineering and Management, Vol. 9, Pp. 292-307, (2017).

7. Lamas, F., Irigaray, C., Chacon, J., "Geotechnical Characterization of Carbonate Marls for Construction of Impermeable Dam Cores", Eng. Geol. Vol. 66, Pp. 283–294, (2002).

8. Ouhadi, V.R., "The Role of Marl Components and Ettringite on the Stability of Stabilized Marl", Ph.D thesis, Department of Civil Engineering and applied mechanics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, (1997).

9. Yong, R. N., and Ouhadi, V. R., "Experimental Study on Instability of Bases on Natural and Lime/cement- stabilized Clayey Soils", J. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 35, Pp. 238-249, (2007).

10. Ouhadi, V. R., Yong, R. N. and Mohamed, A. M. O., "Formation of Ettringite as a Swelling Mineral on Stabilized Marl Soil", Proceeding of the 1st conference on civil engineering by Iranian students in Canada, Montreal, Pp. 131-138, (1996).

11. Ouhadi, V. R., Yong, R. N., Amiri, M., Ouhadi, M. H., "Pozzolanic Consolidation of Stabilized Soft Clays", Appl. Clay Sci. Vol. 95, Pp. 111–118, (2014).

12. Al-Rawas, A. A., Hago, A.W., Al-Sarmi, H., "Effect of Lime, Cement and Sarooj (Artificial Pozzolan) on the Swelling Potential of an Expansive Soil from Oman", Building and Environment, 40 (5), Pp. 681–687, (2005).

13. Ouhadi, V. R., Amiri, M., "Dispersive sSoil Improvement with Lime, Special Attention to the Reduction of Peak Intensity of Clay Minerals in XRD Analysis", modares civil Engineering journal, Vol. 14, Pp. 13-25, (2014).

14. Richardson, I. G., "The Calcium Silicate Hydrates", Cem. Concr. Res. Vol. 38, Pp. 137–158, (2008).

15. Richardson, I. G., "Model Structures for C-(A)-S-H (I)", Acta Crystallographica Section B B70, Pp. 903–923, (2014).

16. Abdelzahergend, E. A., Mostafa, M. S., Ouf, Mokhtar, F. Elgendy, "Stabilization of Subgrade Pavement Layer Using Silica Fume and Nano Silica", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 7, Pp 35-45, (2016).

17. Goodarzi, A., Moradloo, A., "Effect of Curing Temperature and SiO2-nanoparticles on the Engineering Properties of Lime Treated Expansive Soil", Modares Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3, Pp. 8-18, (2017). (In Persian)

18. Changizi, F., Haddad, A., "Strength Properties of Soft Clay Treated with Mixture of Nano-SiO2 and Recycled Polyesterfiber", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, No. 7, Pp. 367-378, (2015).

19. Ghasabkolaei, N., Janalizade, A., Roshan, N., Ghasemi, S. E., "Geotechnical properties of the Soils Modified whit Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review", No. 17, Pp. 639-650, (2017).

20. Fu, J. and Naguib, H. E., "Nanocomposite Foams Effect of Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA /Clay", Journal of Cellular Plastics, No. 42, Pp. 325, (2006).

21. Maubec, N., Deneele, D., Ouvrardb, G., "Influence of the Clay Type on the Strength Evolution of Lime Treated Material", Applied Clay Science, Vol. 137, Pp. 107-114, (2017).

22. American Society for Testing and Materials, "ASTM, 2014, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM, Annual Book of ASTM Standards", P.A., Philadelphia V.4, 08, (2014).

23. Cerato, A. B., Lutenegger, A. J., "Determination of Surface are of Fine-grained Soils by the Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) Method", ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3, Pp. 1–7, (2002).

24. Hesse, P. R., "A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis", William Clowes and Sons, 519p, (1971).

25. Ouhadi, V. R., Yong, R. N., "Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of Impact of Clay Microstructure on the Quantitative Mineral Evaluation by XRD Analysis", Elsevier Appl. Clay Sci. J. 23. Pp 141, (2003).

26. Ouhadi, V. R., Amiri, M., Zangene, M., "Microstructural Assessment of Lime Consumption Rate and Pozzolanic Reaction Progress of a Lime-Stabilized Dispersive Soil", Modares Journal of Technical & Civil Engineering, Pp. 11-22, (2016).

27. Van Olphen, H., "An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", Wiley Interscience; Pp. 187, (1977).