Economic and Durability Optimization of Asphalt Pavement with Cement Stabilized Base Mixtures Ardakan-Naeen Case Study

Document Type : پژوهشی

Author

Civil Engineering Department Shahid Rajaee University

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate percentage of RAP and cement in the stabilized base in such a way that the durability and economics of the pavement are considered simultaneously. Therefore, compressive and tensile strength was obtained in different percentages of RAP including 0%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, and indifferent percentages of cement including 3%, 5%, and 7%. The structural design of the Pavement was further determined under 10, 20, 35, and 50 million ESALs. By establishing the relationship between the percentages of RAP, percentage of cement, and moisture sensitivity index (TSR) as an effective parameter in durability, and the cost of paving at different loads, a simultaneous cost-durability equation of pavement was formed. Finally, based on the optimization technique, the optimal percentage of RAP and cement to achieve the expected durability (TSR = 70) was determined. Hence, the optimum cost, which is a function of the loading level, was obtained in the amount of 29.6% of RAP, 4.16% of cement, and in the minimum loading level. The results can be appropriately approximated in the design of durable and economical pavement structures Contains a stabilized base with cement and various amounts of RAP.

Highlights

  1. Taha, R., Ali, G., Basma, A. and Al-Turk, O., "Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate in Road Bases and Subbases.", in Transportation Research Records, pp. 1652, Vol. 264–269, (1999).
  2. Taha, "Evaluation of Cement Kiln Dust-stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate Systems in Road Bases.", in Transportation Research Records, pp. 1819, Vol. 11-17, (2003).
  3. Taha, R., Al-Harthy, A., Al-Shamsi, K. and Al-Zubeidi, "Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases and Subbases", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 239–245, (2002).
  4. H. Trzebiatowski, B.D., and Benson, "Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Recycled Asphalt Pavement", Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 1–6, (2005).
  5. Adresi, A. Hassani, A. Khishdari, and M. Zeini, "Determination of Optimum Mix Design for Cement Treated Base Containing High Volume of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement", Transp. Infrastructures Eng. J., Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 53–68, (2017).
  6. Adresi, M., Ahmadi, A., and Rooholamini, H., "Influence of High Content of Reclaimed Asphalt on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-treated Base under Critical Environmental Conditions", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 8436, No. October, pp. 1–8, (2017).
  7. You, K. Yan, Y. Yue, and T. Yu, "Comparisons of Natural and Enhanced Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Cement-Stabilized Macadam as Aggregates", Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 30, No. 34,pp. 502003, (2020).
  8. Taylor, P., Alam, T. B., Abdelrahman, M., and Schram, S. A., "International Journal of Pavement Engineering Laboratory Characterisation of Recycled Asphalt Pavement as a Base Layer", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 37–41, (2010).
  9. Faramarzi, M., Lee, K. W., Kim, Y., and Kwon, Y., "A Case Study on a Cement Treated RAP Containing Asphalt Emulsion and Acryl Polymer", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., Vol. 9, 1-25, (2018).
  10. Faramarzi, M., Kim, Y., Kwon, S., and Lee, K.-W. W., "Evaluation of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixture Treated with Portland Cement as Base-Layer Materials", Soc. Civ. Eng. Author, Vol. 30, No. 73, pp. 502002, (2020).
  11. Francois, A., Ali, A., and Mehta, Y., "Evaluating the Impact of Different Types of Stabilised Bases on the Overall Performance of Flexible Pavements", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 8436, No. September, pp. 1–9, (2017).
  12. Taha, R., Asce, A. M., Al-harthy, A., Al-shamsi, K., and Al-zubeidi, M., "Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases", Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 1561, No. 14, pp. 239–245, (2002).
  13. Faysal, M., et al., "Determination of the Structural Coefficient of Different Combinations of Cement- Treated/Untreated Recycled Base Materials", in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress, pp. 1198–1208, (2016).
  14. Abdo, F. Y., "Cement-stabilized Base Courses-concrete Airport Pavement Workshop", (2009).
  15. ARRA, "Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association, Basic asphalt recycling manual," (2001).
  16. Ayar, P., "Effects of Additives on the Mechanical Performance in Recycled Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion: an Overview", Build. Mater., Vol. 178, pp.551-561, (2018).
  17. ASTMD2172/D2172M-17e1, "ASTM D2172 / D2172M-17e1, Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt Mixtures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org", (2017).
  18. ASTMD5/D5M-19a, "Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org", (2019).
  19. ASTMC29/C29M-16, "Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (‘Unit Weight’) and Voids in Aggregate", (2016).
  20. ASTMD1633/D1633M, "Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates", Soc. Test. Mater., (2014).
  21. ASTMD1557-12e1, "Tandard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))", Soc. Test. Mater., (2012).
  22. ASTMD1633-00, "Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders", Soc. Test. Mater., (2007).
  23. ASTM C496/C496M-11, "Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens", Soc. Test. Mater., (2004).
  24. Xiao, F., Yao, S., Wang, J., Li, X., and Amirkhanian, S., "A literature Review on Cold Recycling Technology of Asphalt Pavement", Build. Mater., Vol. 180, pp. 579–604, (2018).
  25. Stimilli, A., Ferrotti, G., Graziani, A., and Canestrari, F., "Performance Evaluation of a Cold- recycled Mixture Containing High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt", Road Mater. Pavement Des., Vol. 14, No. S1, pp. 149–161, (2013).
  26. AASHTO, "Mechanistic– Empirical Pavement Design Guide A Manual of Practice", (2008).
  27. "The Ministry of Roads and Urban Development", "Iran Highway Asphalt Paving Code No. 234", (2011).
  28. Newcomb, D. E., Brown, E. R., and Epps, J. A., "Designing HMA Mixtures with High RAP Content A Practical Guide", (2007).
  29. Mary Stroup-Gardiner and Tanya Wattenberg-Komas, "Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications Volume 6: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Recycled Concrete Aggregate, and Construction Demolition Waste", (2013).
  30. "AASHTO T 283, RESISTANCE OF COMPACTED ASPHALT MIXTURES TO MOISTURE-INDUCED DAMAGE", (2014).
  31. Taha, R., Asce, A. M., Al-harthy, A., Al-shamsi, K., and Al-zubeidi M., "C Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases and Subbases", Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 1561, No. September 2015, (2002).

 

 

 

Keywords

References

  1. Taha, R., Ali, G., Basma, A. and Al-Turk, O., "Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate in Road Bases and Subbases.", in Transportation Research Records, pp. 1652, Vol. 264–269, (1999).
  2. Taha, "Evaluation of Cement Kiln Dust-stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate Systems in Road Bases.", in Transportation Research Records, pp. 1819, Vol. 11-17, (2003).
  3. Taha, R., Al-Harthy, A., Al-Shamsi, K. and Al-Zubeidi, "Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases and Subbases", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 239–245, (2002).
  4. H. Trzebiatowski, B.D., and Benson, "Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Recycled Asphalt Pavement", Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 1–6, (2005).
  5. Adresi, A. Hassani, A. Khishdari, and M. Zeini, "Determination of Optimum Mix Design for Cement Treated Base Containing High Volume of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement", Transp. Infrastructures Eng. J., Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 53–68, (2017).
  6. Adresi, M., Ahmadi, A., and Rooholamini, H., "Influence of High Content of Reclaimed Asphalt on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-treated Base under Critical Environmental Conditions", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 8436, No. October, pp. 1–8, (2017).
  7. You, K. Yan, Y. Yue, and T. Yu, "Comparisons of Natural and Enhanced Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Cement-Stabilized Macadam as Aggregates", Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 30, No. 34,pp. 502003, (2020).
  8. Taylor, P., Alam, T. B., Abdelrahman, M., and Schram, S. A., "International Journal of Pavement Engineering Laboratory Characterisation of Recycled Asphalt Pavement as a Base Layer", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 37–41, (2010).
  9. Faramarzi, M., Lee, K. W., Kim, Y., and Kwon, Y., "A Case Study on a Cement Treated RAP Containing Asphalt Emulsion and Acryl Polymer", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., Vol. 9, 1-25, (2018).
  10. Faramarzi, M., Kim, Y., Kwon, S., and Lee, K.-W. W., "Evaluation of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixture Treated with Portland Cement as Base-Layer Materials", Soc. Civ. Eng. Author, Vol. 30, No. 73, pp. 502002, (2020).
  11. Francois, A., Ali, A., and Mehta, Y., "Evaluating the Impact of Different Types of Stabilised Bases on the Overall Performance of Flexible Pavements", J. Pavement Eng., Vol. 8436, No. September, pp. 1–9, (2017).
  12. Taha, R., Asce, A. M., Al-harthy, A., Al-shamsi, K., and Al-zubeidi, M., "Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases", Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 1561, No. 14, pp. 239–245, (2002).
  13. Faysal, M., et al., "Determination of the Structural Coefficient of Different Combinations of Cement- Treated/Untreated Recycled Base Materials", in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress, pp. 1198–1208, (2016).
  14. Abdo, F. Y., "Cement-stabilized Base Courses-concrete Airport Pavement Workshop", (2009).
  15. ARRA, "Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association, Basic asphalt recycling manual," (2001).
  16. Ayar, P., "Effects of Additives on the Mechanical Performance in Recycled Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion: an Overview", Build. Mater., Vol. 178, pp.551-561, (2018).
  17. ASTMD2172/D2172M-17e1, "ASTM D2172 / D2172M-17e1, Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt Mixtures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org", (2017).
  18. ASTMD5/D5M-19a, "Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org", (2019).
  19. ASTMC29/C29M-16, "Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (‘Unit Weight’) and Voids in Aggregate", (2016).
  20. ASTMD1633/D1633M, "Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates", Soc. Test. Mater., (2014).
  21. ASTMD1557-12e1, "Tandard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))", Soc. Test. Mater., (2012).
  22. ASTMD1633-00, "Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders", Soc. Test. Mater., (2007).
  23. ASTM C496/C496M-11, "Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens", Soc. Test. Mater., (2004).
  24. Xiao, F., Yao, S., Wang, J., Li, X., and Amirkhanian, S., "A literature Review on Cold Recycling Technology of Asphalt Pavement", Build. Mater., Vol. 180, pp. 579–604, (2018).
  25. Stimilli, A., Ferrotti, G., Graziani, A., and Canestrari, F., "Performance Evaluation of a Cold- recycled Mixture Containing High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt", Road Mater. Pavement Des., Vol. 14, No. S1, pp. 149–161, (2013).
  26. AASHTO, "Mechanistic– Empirical Pavement Design Guide A Manual of Practice", (2008).
  27. "The Ministry of Roads and Urban Development", "Iran Highway Asphalt Paving Code No. 234", (2011).
  28. Newcomb, D. E., Brown, E. R., and Epps, J. A., "Designing HMA Mixtures with High RAP Content A Practical Guide", (2007).
  29. Mary Stroup-Gardiner and Tanya Wattenberg-Komas, "Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications Volume 6: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Recycled Concrete Aggregate, and Construction Demolition Waste", (2013).
  30. "AASHTO T 283, RESISTANCE OF COMPACTED ASPHALT MIXTURES TO MOISTURE-INDUCED DAMAGE", (2014).
  31. Taha, R., Asce, A. M., Al-harthy, A., Al-shamsi, K., and Al-zubeidi M., "C Cement Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate for Road Bases and Subbases", Mater. Civ. Eng., Vol. 1561, No. September 2015, (2002).
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