تاثیر ذرات نانو سیمان بر روی خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی مخلوط ماسه بادی- بنتونیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رضا پرورش ¹
• روزبه دبیری ¹
• سعیده ابراهیمی اصل ²

¹ گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

² گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران

10.22067/jfcei.2024.82076.1225

چکیده

بهبود رفتار مهندسی خاک‌های مسأله‌دار در پروژه‌های عمرانی به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیشرو در مهندسی ژئوتکنیک محسوب می‌شود. عامل مهم و تعیین کننده در طراحی سازه‌ها و ابنیه‌های ژئوتکنیکی بر روی خاک‌های نرم و سست، تغییر شکل پذیری یا نشست و گاهی مقاومت آنها می‌باشد. اگرچه روشهای تثبیت خاکها عموما به دو بخش مکانیکی و شیمیایی تقسیم می-شوند ولی امروزه از مواد به اندازه نانو جهت بهسازی خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی خاکها استفاده می‌گردد. هدف اصلی از تحقیق حاضر، امکان کاربرد ذرات نانو سیمان در جهت بهسازی خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی خاک مخلوط ماسه بادی-بنتونیت (به میزان 15، 30 و 60 درصد) است. برای این منظور، ذرات نانو سیمان به مقدار 2/0، 4/0 و 6/0 درصد وزنی به خاک مورد مطالعه افزوده شده و به مدت 7، 14 و 28 روز عمل آوری بر روی نمونه‌ها انجام گرفته است. جهت انجام تحقیق از آزمون‌های آزمایشگاهی تراکم، تک محوری، برش مستقیم (در دو حالت خشک و اشباع) و نسبت باربری کالیفرنیا (CBR) براساس استاندارد ASTM استفاده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داده است حالت بهینه، ترکیب 6/0 درصد نانو سیمان در مدت زمان عمل آوری 28 روزه در خاک مخلوط ماسه بادی به همراه 15 درصد بنتونیت می‌باشد. زیرا، این شرایط باعث بهبود خصوصیات تراکم پذیری، افزایش توان باربری و مقاومت برشی در مصالح بهسازی شده گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ماسه بادی
• رس
• بنتونیت
• نانو سیمان
• بهسازی خاک

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nano Cement Particles on Geotechnical Properties of Dune Sand-Bentonite Mixtures

نویسندگان [English]

• Reza Parvaresh ¹
• Rouzbeh Dabiri ¹
• Saeideh Ebrahimi Asl ²

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

² Department of Chemistry Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Improving the engineering behavior of problematic soils in civil engineering projects is considered as one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. The important and decisive factor in the design of geotechnical structures and buildings on soft and loose soils is their deformation or settlement and resistance. One of the types of soft soil is a mixture of dune sand with clay (Bentonite). Although soil stabilization are generally divided to mechanical and chemical methods, nowadays Nano materials are used to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The main idea of present research is the possibility of using Nano cement particles to improve the geotechnical properties of dune sand-bentonite (at the 15, 30 and 60 percentage) mixture. In order to perform the research, uniaxial compression, direct shear (in both dry and saturated states) and California load bearing ratio (CBR) laboratory tests have been used based on the ASTM standard. The obtained results have shown that the optimal condition is the combination of 0.6 % Nano cement in dune sand with 15% bentonite with 28-day curing period. Because, these conditions have improved compressibility characteristics, increased bearing capacity and shear resistance in stabilized materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Dune sand
• Clay
• Bentonite
• Nano cement
• Soil Improvement

مراجع

 [1] S. Thevanayagam, “Liquefaction Potential and Undrained Fragility of Silty Soils, Proc. of ¹²th World Conference on Earthquake, Auckland, New Zealand, pp.8-20, (1999),  https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195734798

[2]  M. R. Noll, C. Bartlett C, T. M. Dochat, “In Situ Permeability Reduction and Chemical Fixation Using Colloidal Silica”, In Proceedings of the Sixth National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring, and Geophysical Method, State College, PA, USA, 11–13 May 1992; National Ground Water Association: Westerville, OH, USA, (1992).

[3] R. Yonekura, M. Miwa, “Fundamental Properties of Sodium Silicate Based Grout”, In Proceedings of the 11^th Southeast Asia Geotechnical Conference, Singapore, vol. 439, pp.439-444,  (1993).  

 [4] Gh. Moradi, Sh. Seyyedi, “Evaluation of Effective Strength Parameters and Micro Structural Variations of Silty Sands Stabilized with Nano Colloidal Silica,” Journal Management System, vol. 46.4, no. 85, pp.77-88.

[5]  A. Kakavand, R. Dabiri, “Experimental study of applying colloidal Nano Silica in improving sand-silt mixtures,” International Journal of Nano Dimension, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 357-373, (2018).

[6] V. Pourvahedi, V. Pourahmadi, M. Arbani, “Laboratory study of improving the geotechnical properties of clay using nano particles,” 1st National Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran, pp.1-8, (2014). (In Persian), https://civilica.com/doc/332591/

[7] Bahari M.; Shahnazari A.; “Laboratory investigation of fine-grained soil bed stabilization using nano clay,” Journal of water and soil science, vol.19, no.72, pp.107-113, (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.19.72.10

[8] Z. Fakhri, R. Pourhosseini, T. Ebadi T.; “Improvement in the Hydraulic Properties of Kaolinite with Adding Nanoclay,” Amirkabir journal of civil engineering, vol. 47, no.3, pp.39-46, (2016).

[9]  N. Abbasi, A. Farjad, “Application of Nano-clay particles for stabilization of dispersive clayey soils”, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, vol. 48, no. 3, pp.515-524, (2017).

[10] M. Raihan. Taha, O. M. E Taha, “Influence of Nano-material on the expansive and shrinkage soil behavior,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol.14, no.10, p. 1190, (2012).

[11] M. Mohammadi, M. Niazian, “Investigation of Nano-clay effect on geotechnical properties of Rasht clay,” International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 37-46, (2013).

[12]  S. Ghaffari S, R. Dabiri R, “Study of Nano-clay and Limestone Powder Effects on the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil of Eastern Tabriz,” Journal of engineering geology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 455-479, (2021).

[13]  S. Ghaffari, R. Dabiri, “Effects of Applying Nano Clay Particles and Polypropylene Fibers on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil for using in Pavement Layers”, Quarterly Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 587-608, (2021).

[14] A. Bagheri, H. Zanganeh, M. R. Samani and M. Abolhassani, “The effect of the type, dimensions, and percentage of nano silica consumption on the properties of cement mortar,” First International Concerete Conference, National Center for Retrofitting (Northwest Branch), pp.1-7, (2009). (In Persian)

[15]  V. Chaudhary, J. Singh Yadav, R. Kumar Dutta, “Impact of Nano-Silica and Cement on Geotechnical Properties of Bentonite Soil”, Indian geotechnical journal, vol. 24, p. 133889, (2023).

[17]  H. Niroumand, L. Balachowski, R. Parviz, “Nano soil improvement technique using cement”, Sceintific report, vol.13, p. 10724, (2023).

[18] Iran China Clay Industries Company, https://icckaolin.com/en/home/

[19] ASTM D421-85, “Standard Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants (Reapproved 2002),” Annual book of ASTM standards, (1985)

[20] ASTM D422-63, “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Reapproved 2002),” vol. 04.08, p. 8, Annual book of ASTM standards, (1963).

[21] ASTM D 854-23, “Standard test method for specific gravity of soil solids by the water Displacement Method,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 9, (2023).

[22] ASTM D 4318-95e1, “Standard test method for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soils,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 20, (1995).

[23] ASTM C618-19, “Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as Mineral Admixture in Concrete,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.02, p. 3, (2019).

[24] ASTM C305-20, “Standard Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.01, p. 3, (2020).

[25] ASTM D 698-12, “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft³ (600 kN-m/m³)) (Reapproved 2021),” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 13, (2012).

[26] ASTM D2166/ D2166M-16, “Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 7, (2016).

[27] ASTM D3080/ D3080M-23, “Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 9, (2023).

[28] ASTM D1883-21, “Standard test method for California bearing ratio (CBR) of laboratory- compacted soils,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.08, p. 16, (2021).