تحلیل پدیده‌ی سنگ‌افت در دیواره‌ی پرشیب بااستفاده از مدل‌سازی با روش توده‌ای- کلوخه‌ای Rocfall و روش المان مجزا PFC3D- مطالعه‌ی موردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده‌ی مهندسی علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی اراک.

2 دانشکده مهندسی علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی اراک.

3 دانشکده مهندسی علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی اراک

چکیده

سنگ‌افت یکی از انواع ناپایداری‌ دامنه‌ای است که در اکثر مناطق کوهستانی رخ می‌دهد و موجب صدمات جانی و خسارات سنگین به تأسیسات، مناطق مسکونی، جاده‌ها، مزارع و وسایل نقلیه می‌شود. بنابراین  برای جلوگیری از صدمات مالی- جانی، پیش‌بینی و مدل کردن پدیده‌ی سنگ‌افت در  دیواره‌های پرشیب برای انجام اقدامات پیش‌گیرانه ضروری می‌باشد. در این راستا در مقاله‌ی حاضر، به‌منظور ارزیابی خطر سنگ‌افت ابتدا بااستفاده از نرم‌افزار Rocfall مسیر حرکت سقوط سنگی بلوک‌های جدا‌شده به‌صورت منفرد و جدا از هم در بحرانی‌ترین مقطع از ارتفاعات شمال باختری شهر شاهرود مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. سپس به‌منظور درنظر گرفتن فعل و انفعالات بین ذرات در مسیر حرکت، شکل، اندازه و وزن قطعات از روش المان مجزای PFC3D  استفاده شد. با تحلیل نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی به‌کمک دو نرم‌افزار مذکور، این نتیجه حاصل شد که اگر سنگ‌افت اتفاق بیافتد، تعداد زیادی از قطعات در محدوده‌ی جاده‌ها و مناطق مسکونی توقف دارند که این توقف‌ها راه‌بندان در جاده و خطرات مالی- جانی را در پی خواهد داشت. به‌عبارتی دیگر باتوجه به این‌که بیشترین فاصله‌ی افقی طی‌شده توسط قطعات 393 متر و  فاصله‌ی افقی مناطق مسکونی 340 متری می‌باشد، لذا احتمال حادثه در اثر سنگ‌افت بسیار بالا است. در ادامه‌ی پیشنهاداتی از جمله نصب توری‌های فلزی، ضربه‌گیرها، کاهش انرژی جنبشی در قطعات، تغییر در ابعاد قطعات، ایجاد تغییر در هندسه‌ی شیب جهت کاهش خطر و خسارات ناشی از سنگ‌افت در مقطع موردنظر ارائه شده‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Rock Fall Phenomenon in Steep Wall Using Modeling by Rocfall Mass-Lump Method and PFC3D Discrete Element Method - Case Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Fattahi 1
  • Milad Sadeghi Govari 2
  • Hossein Ghaedi 3
1 Department of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran.
2 Department of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran.
3 Department of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rock fall is a type of slope instability that occurs in most mountainous areas and causes casualties and severe damage to facilities, residential areas, roads, farms and vehicles. Therefore, to prevent financial damage, it is necessary to predict and model the phenomenon of rock fall in steep walls to take preventive measures. In this paper, in order to assess the risk of falling rocks, first using Rocfall software, the path of rock fall of isolated blocks was analyzed individually and separately in the most critical section of the northwestern heights of Shahrood. In order to consider the interactions between particles in the path, shape, size and weight of the parts, the distinct element method PFC3D was used. Analyzing the simulation results with the help of these two softwares, it was concluded that if the rock falls, a large number of parts will stop in the area of ​​roads and residential areas, which will result in traffic jams and financial-human risks. In other words, considering that the maximum horizontal distance traveled by the plots is 393 meters and the horizontal distance between residential areas is 340 meters, so the probability of an accident due to falling rocks is very high. In the following, suggestions such as installation of metal grids, shock absorbers, reduction of kinetic energy in the parts, change in the dimensions of the parts, change of the slope geometry to reduce the risk and damage caused by falling rock in the desired section are presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rock fall
  • Rocfall software
  • PFC3D software
  • Mass-lump method
  • Distinct element method

مراجع

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